26 Human Anatomy Questions

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Question Description

1.

(01.01 LC)

Gross anatomy is the study of (2 points)

bodily structures that are visible only with a microscope
bodily structures that are visible with the naked eye
the chemical and physical processes of the body
the function of body systems, organs and tissues

2.

(01.01 MC)

Which of the following activities would most likely be done by a physiologist? (2 points)

Studying how bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles create movement
Researching the density of human bones compared to gorilla bones
Comparing the hearts of people suffering from different heart diseases
Examining the different layers of the heart tissue

3.

(01.02 MC)

A medical student makes a transverse cut of a cadaver’s leg. The two resulting sections could be referred to as the (2 points)

superior and inferior sections
anterior and posterior sections
left and right sections
frontal and sagittal sections

4.

(01.02 MC)

Which of the following is an example of homeostasis? (2 points)

Food being digested in the stomach
The lungs expanding during inhalation
The body being warmed by shivering
The leg muscles contracting during walking

5.

(01.02 MC)

This diagram shows the anterior side of the body of a female. The gall bladder is located in the upper right corner of the abdominal cavity, just to the right of the bodys midline. The two ovaries are located in the lower left and lower right corners of the abdominal cavity, respectively. Each ovary is below and the gall bladder and further from the bodys midline.

© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com 2013

Based on the diagram, the gallbladder can be considered ______________ and the ovaries can be considered _______________ in reference to the body’s midline. (2 points)

bilateral; lateral
medial; superior
lateral; bilateral
medial; posterior

6.

(01.02 MC)

This image shows four views of the human skull from different angles, labeled A through D. A shows an interior view of the front of the skull. Letter B shows an interior view of the left side of the skull. Letter C shows an interior view looking down into the skull from above. Letter D shows an exterior view of the back of the skull.

© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com 2013

An anatomist needs to cut a skull open with a transverse cut. Which of the diagrams correctly shows how the cut should appear? (2 points)

A
B
C
D

7.

(01.03 MC)

Injury to which tissues will greatly reduce the ability of a person to move his or her limbs? (2 points)

Skin
Epithelial
Muscle
Stem cell tissue

8.

(01.03 MC)

A person develops a disease that reduces cell communication within the body. This disease most likely targets the ____________ tissue. (2 points)

muscle
epithelial
nervous
connective

9.

(01.03 MC)

In creating a replacement organ using stem cells, a doctor first creates a replica of the patient’s current organ. This is necessary to (2 points)

induce the stem cells to grow into the proper tissue and organ type
induce the stem cells to create an organ of the appropriate size and shape
mimic the conditions within the patient’s body, allowing the stem cells to survive
occupy the space of the old organ while the new organ is being transplanted

10.

(01.03 MC)

Many researchers hope pig organs will one day be successfully transplanted to humans. What would an advantage of successful pig-human transplants? (2 points)

Using pig organs could reduce the shortage of human organs.
Using pig organs could increase immunity to certain diseases.
Pig organs will not be rejected by the receiver’s immune system.
Pig organs can be used for every future transplant procedure.

11.

(01.03 MC)

This diagram shows a cross section of skin with three horizontal layers. There are several long black hairs protruding from the topmost layer of the skin, with the root hairs embedded within the deepest layer of the skin. The epidermis is the topmost layer of the skin, which is the thinnest layer and is composed of multiple cell sheets tightly packed on top of each other. The middle layer of skin is labeled the dermis which is the thickest layer. The dermis occupies approximately one half of the skin cross section and contains blood vessels and nerves. The deepest layer is labeled the hypodermis and is about twice the thickness of the outermost layer. It contains several round, yellowish cells as well as an artery, a vein, and a nerve running horizontally through the entire layer. Branches from the blood vessels and nerves travel up to the dermis. A table underneath the image describes the cells in the different layers of skin. It states that epidermis is composed of layered sheets of tightly packed cells that divide readily and have a poor blood supply. The dermis has a good blood supply and contains the nerve endings. The hypodermis contains a layer of fatty tissue for cushioning, good blood supply, and nerves.

© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com 2013

Layer of SkinDescription
EpidermisLayered sheets of tightly packed cells that divide readily; poor blood supply
DermisGood blood supply; has nerve endings
HypodermisContains fatty layer for cushioning; good blood supply; has nerves

Based on the information in the table and diagram, which of the following is true? (2 points)

The epidermis contains epithelial tissue.
Connective tissue can be found in all three layers of skin.
Only the epidermis and dermis contain nervous tissue.
The hypodermis contains only epithelial and nervous tissue.

12.

(01.03 MC)

This image shows a males right arm with the tissue of the bicep muscle being called out from the upper arm. The callout reveals that the muscle tissue is densely packed and composed of cylinder shaped cells with many nuclei.

© Image Courtesy of 3DScience.com 2013

The diagram above shows where different types of tissues are found in the body. Based on the information in the image, where else may skeletal muscle be found in the body? (2 points)

Legs
Glands
Intestines
Heart

13.

(01.03 MC)

Osteoarthritis is a disease that results in a thinned or absent layer of cartilage surrounding bones, causing bones to rub against one another. This causes both pain and loss of motion. Given this information, what type of tissue does osteoarthritis affect? (2 points)

Connective
Muscular
Epithelial
Nervous

14.

(01.03 MC)

A gland is an organ that synthesizes and releases a substance. There are two major types of glands: endocrine and exocrine. In some cases, the substance released by a gland lubricates tissues of the body that are commonly abraded. For example, mucus glands secrete mucus to help lubricate the passage of food through the digestive tract. Given this information, which type of tissue will likely contain mucus glands? (2 points)

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

15.

(01.03 MC)

Certain drugs, known as angiogenesis inhibitors, are effective anti-cancer drugs because they cut off the blood supply to tumors. Without blood supplying fresh oxygen and nutrients to the cancerous cells, the tumors cannot survive. Given this information, angiogenesis inhibitors will be least effective in treating tumors in (2 points)

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
nerve tissue
muscle tissue

16.

(01.05 LC)

The clavicle is likely part of the appendicular system because it is involved with movement of the (2 points)

arm
rib
spine
head

17.

(01.05 LC)

The axial skeleton includes the (2 points)

vertebra, skull, and ribs
hip bones, knees, and feet
shoulder bones, elbows, and hands
bones of the fingers and toes

18.

(01.05 MC)

Which of the choices below only contains bones of the pectoral girdle? (2 points)

Scapula; clavicle
Hip bones; femur
Femur; tarsus
Humerus; radius

19.

(01.05 MC)

The carpals are _____________bones found in the ___________________. (2 points)

long; axial skeleton
irregular; axial skeleton
flat; appendicular skeleton
short; appendicular skeleton

20.

(01.06 LC)

Nutrients are brought to compact bone through which mechanism? (2 points)

diffusion through the bony matrix
diffusion through canaliculi
transport through Haversian canals
transport through collagen fibers

21.

(01.06 LC)

Osteons are the basic organizational units of (2 points)

spongy bone
compact bone
bone marrow
procalluses

22.

(01.06 MC)

Low calcium levels in the blood can be raised by dissolving bone tissue. Which cell would most likely be involved in this process? (2 points)

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteogenic cells

23.

(01.06 MC)

You are a doctor who examines the x-ray of a broken bone, which is healing. What should you look for to indicate that the break is almost completely healed? (2 points)

Procallus
Hematoma
Compact bone
Spongy bone

24.

(01.06 MC)

You are an anthropologist analyzing bone remains from the grave of an ancient female human. Within one of the bones, you find an unusually high concentration of collagen. What does this suggest about the ancient female? (2 points)

She broke a bone and then died before it was fully healed.
She broke a bone and then died a few hours later.
She broke a bone at a very young age, but it fully healed.
She broke a bone at a very young age, but it did not fully heal.

SHORT ANSWERS:

25.

(01.03 HC)

Bone marrow is a soft, spongy, connective tissue found inside bones. Bone marrow contains stem cells, which can generate new blood cells and, therefore, can treat many diseases of the blood. In the past, extracting bone marrow from a donor required anesthesia and a long, large needle. The process often discouraged people from signing up to be donors. A process called apheresis has made the process much less painful and invasive. In apheresis, the donor’s blood passes through a sterile line into the machine. Once the blood is inside the machine, the bone marrow stem cells are extracted, and the remaining blood is returned to the donor. Donors typically only experience minor discomfort from the needles used and the loss of electrolytes.

Describe how you think this advance in biotechnology will affect individuals and society. Be sure to include any potential medical or ethical issues that could arise from this new practice. (5 points)

26.

(01.04 MC)

Describe how our skin darkens in the presence of sun. In your description, be sure to name the pigment that darkens our skin and describe how skin darkening protects our DNA from damage. (5 points)

 
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